最靠谱 - Linux+Mysql 绿色免安装版、离线安装-Saxon

2020-01-01

最靠谱 - Linux+Mysql 绿色免安装版、离线安装

工作几年的都碰到过吧，要在客户的不干净的Linux上部署程序，但经常会碰到已经有老版mysql在跑了，又不能卸载，新版又因为各种原因装不上，那么用离线免安装版将是希望！

### 一.准备：

[mysql5.7或mysql8.0.18安装包下载](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)

[其他调优官方文档](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/optimization.html)

### 二.环境搭建：

注: 为了能够快速搭建, 分享一个我已编写好的自动安装的脚本 (若执行ok了, 本文后续的详细步骤也就可忽略了).

####『特别提醒: 此配置及脚本仅在Ubuntu19.10 CentOS7.4 CentOS6.9 + Mysql5.7 Mysql8.0.18 下测试通过, 建议在OS或mysql相差不大的版本下运行 !!!』

高版本mysql许多配置项已发生变化, 例如, 在mysql8.0.18下 lower_case_table_names 就只允许初始化时设置(我的配置文件里已注了).

首先新建安装脚本:

```

cd ${MYSQL_HOME}

mkdir script && vim script/mysqld-green-install.sh

```

然后粘上安装脚本内容, 使用root运行:

```

#!/bin/bash

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# @ad. https://github.com/wl4g/super-devops or https://gitee.com/wl4g/super-devops

# @see https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/741365

# @see https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6437e914584

# @see https://wang4ever.lofter.com/post/1cca927e_1c752cc99

# Version v2.0

set -e

# Generic macro defintions.

OS_INFO=$(cat /etc/*release|head -n 1)

MYSQL_BASE_DIR="$(cd "`dirname "$0"`"/..; pwd)"

cd $MYSQL_BASE_DIR

MYSQL_VERSION="$(echo $(bin/mysqld --version|awk -F mysqld '{print $2}'|awk -F '(' '{print $1}'))"

MYSQL_USER="wl4g_mysql"

MYSQL_GROUP="wl4g_mysql"

MYSQL_DATA_DIR="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/data/"

MYSQL_PLUGIN_DIR="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/lib/plugin/"

MYSQL_CONF_FILE="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/conf/my.cnf"

MYSQL_LOG_ERR="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/log/mysqld-${MYSQL_USER}.err"

MYSQL_LOG_BIN="${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}/mysqld-${MYSQL_USER}-logbin"

MYSQL_PID_FILE="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/run/mysqld-${MYSQL_USER}.pid"

MYSQL_SOCKET="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/run/mysqld-${MYSQL_USER}.sock"

if [ "$USER" != "root" ]; then

echo "Use the root user to execution this script!"

exit 2

# Load user and system environments.

# [Note]: 1, Using $() has the same effect as `` double backslash, but the latter is more compatible in the UNIX kernel.

# {Note}: 2, When use set -e, when source /etc/profile is executed in centos6.xx, the process is interrupted. Only use `` backslash to run normal!

if [ -f "/etc/profile" ]; then # e.g. CentOS.x, Ubuntu.x

`source /etc/profile`

if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ]; then # e.g. CentOS.x

`source /etc/bashrc`

if [ -f "/etc/bash.bashrc" ]; then # e.g. Ubuntu.x

`source /etc/bash.bashrc`

if [ -f "~/.bashrc" ]; then # e.g. CentOS.x, Ubuntu.x

`source ~/.bashrc`

if [ -f "~/.bash_profile" ]; then # e.g. CentOS.x

`source ~/.bash_profile`

if [ -f "~/.profile" ]; then # e.g. Ubuntu.x

`source ~/.profile`

# Get already running mysqld pids.

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function getMysqldPids(){

PIDS=$(ps -ef|grep ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}|grep mysqld|grep -v grep|cut -c 9-15)

echo $PIDS

return 0

}

# Pre init of required directory and permission etc.

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function preInitInstall() {

if [[ "$MYSQL_GROUP" != "root" && -z "$(grep "^$MYSQL_GROUP" /etc/group)" ]]; then

groupadd $MYSQL_GROUP

if [[ "$MYSQL_USER" != "root" && -z "$(grep "^$MYSQL_USER" /etc/passwd)" ]]; then

useradd -g $MYSQL_GROUP $MYSQL_USER

mkdir -p ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/data

mkdir -p ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/conf

mkdir -p ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/log

mkdir -p ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/run

# Grant access.

chmod -R 755 ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR} && chown -R ${MYSQL_USER}:${MYSQL_GROUP} ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}

}

# Initializing config of my.cnf

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function doInitConfiguration() {

cat<<EOF>${MYSQL_CONF_FILE}

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# @ad. https://github.com/wl4g/super-devops or https://gitee.com/wl4g/super-devops

# @see https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/741365

# @see https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6437e914584

# @see https://wang4ever.lofter.com/post/1cca927e_1c752cc99

# For more setup recommendations or green installation guidelines,

# @see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

port = 3306

# Configured at install time. See: script/mysqld_install.sh

#basedir = {MYSQL_HOME}

#datadir = {basedir}/data

#socket = {basedir}/run/mysqld-{MYSQL_USER}.sock

#pid-file = {basedir}/run/mysqld-{MYSQL_USER}.pid

#log-error = {basedir}/log/mysqld-{MYSQL_USER}.err

# To turn on a very important data integrity option: logging changes to the binary log between backups.

#log_bin = {basedir}/data/mysqld-{MYSQL_USER}-log.bin

expire_logs_days = 15

# Warning: Unsigned value 2147483648 adjusted to 1073741824, max allowed set to 1G ??

max_binlog_size = 1G

server_id = 1

# Ignore SQL condition case.(1:ignore)

# Note: When mysql8+, after initialization, is is not allowed to change this setting.

# @see https://blog.itpub.net/20893244/viewspace-2565069/

# @see https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=90695

#lower_case_table_names = 1

# Set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6144M

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

#slave_max_allowed_packet = 2048M

max_connections = 2500

# To set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links = 0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup

sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

# @Deprecated of using script/mysqld_install.sh

#[mysqld_safe]

# {datadir}/log/mysqld.log

#log-error = log/mysqld.log

# {datadir}/mysqld.pid

#pid-file = mysqld.pid

EOF

}

# Initializing mysqld data directory.

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

# See: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/data-directory-initialization.html#data-directory-initialization-server-actions

function doInitDBMetaData() {

if [ ! -d "${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}/performance_schema" ]; then

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Initializing mysql datadir to '${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}', It may take about 10 ~ 60sec ...... "

# Using --defaults-file=xx prevent loading exist default config: e.g. /etc/my.cnf

INIT_CMD="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/bin/mysqld \

--defaults-file=${MYSQL_CONF_FILE} \

--initialize \

--user=${MYSQL_USER} \

--basedir=${MYSQL_BASE_DIR} \

--datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} \

--plugin-dir=${MYSQL_PLUGIN_DIR}"

`${INIT_CMD}`

else

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] Skip initialize mysqld metadata, because dir of '${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}' the catalog has data, is it initialized?"

exit 2

}

# Install system service. (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service or /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service)

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function doInstallSystemdService(){

SERVICE_D_FILE="/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service" # e.g. Ubuntu16.x-, CentOS7.x

if [ -n "$(cat /etc/*release |grep NAME|grep 'Ubuntu 19')" ]; then # Ubuntu16.x

SERVICE_D_FILE="/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service"

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Installing mysqld systemctl service ..."

# Backing up older systemctl mysqld.service(if necessary).

if [ -f "$SERVICE_D_FILE" ]; then

BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE="${SERVICE_D_FILE}_"$(date +'%y%m%d%H%M%S')

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] Backing up older install mysqld.service from '${SERVICE_D_FILE}' to '${BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE}"

`mv ${SERVICE_D_FILE} ${BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE}`

cat<<EOF>$SERVICE_D_FILE

#!/bin/bash

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# @ad. https://github.com/wl4g/super-devops or https://gitee.com/wl4g/super-devops

# @see https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/741365

# @see https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6437e914584

# @see https://wang4ever.lofter.com/post/1cca927e_1c752cc99

# Version v2.0

# MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION} systemd service.

[Unit]

Description=MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION} Server

After=network.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

Type=fork

Environment=MYSQL_HOME="${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}"

User=${MYSQL_USER}

Group=${MYSQL_GROUP}

PIDFile=${MYSQL_PID_FILE}

ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "exec \${MYSQL_HOME}/bin/mysqld \\

--defaults-file=\${MYSQL_HOME}/conf/my.cnf \\

--basedir=\${MYSQL_HOME} \\

--datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} \\

--plugin-dir=${MYSQL_PLUGIN_DIR} \\

--user=${MYSQL_USER} \\

--log-error=${MYSQL_LOG_ERR} \\

--log_bin=${MYSQL_LOG_BIN} \\

--pid-file=${MYSQL_PID_FILE} \\

--socket=${MYSQL_SOCKET}"

#--skip-grant-tables

ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID

StandardOutput=${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/log/mysqld.out

StandardError=journal

LimitNOFILE=1048576

LimitNPROC=1048576

LimitCORE=infinity

TimeoutStartSec=5

TimeoutSec=600

Restart=always

PermissionsStartOnly=true

RuntimeDirectoryMode=755

PrivateTmp=false

EOF

# Configure systemd service & startup.

/bin/systemctl daemon-reload

/bin/systemctl enable mysqld

/bin/systemctl start mysqld

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Started $(getMysqldPids) on ${SERVICE_D_FILE}"

}

# Install init.d service. (/etc/init.d/mysqld.service)

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function doInstallInitdService() {

SERVICE_D_FILE="/etc/init.d/mysqld.service"

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] Fallback install init.d service to ${SERVICE_D_FILE} ... , because current OS: '${OS_INFO}' does not support systemctl dbus !"

# Backing up older systemctl mysqld.service(if necessary).

if [ -f "$SERVICE_D_FILE" ]; then

BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE="${SERVICE_D_FILE}_"$(date +'%y%m%d%H%M%S')

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] Backing up older install mysqld.service from '${SERVICE_D_FILE}' to '${BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE}"

`mv ${SERVICE_D_FILE} ${BAK_SERVICE_D_FILE}`

cat<<EOF>$SERVICE_D_FILE

#!/bin/bash

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# @ad. https://github.com/wl4g/super-devops or https://gitee.com/wl4g/super-devops

# @see https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/741365

# @see https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6437e914584

# @see https://wang4ever.lofter.com/post/1cca927e_1c752cc99

# Version v2.0

set -e

MYSQL_HOME=${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}

# Get the execution command arg1.

COMMAND=\$1

# Start function.

function start(){

PIDS=\$(getPids) # Get current process code.

if [ -z "\$PIDS" ]; then

# When mysqld_safe starts mysqld, it does not auto create log.err

touch ${MYSQL_LOG_ERR} && chown -R ${MYSQL_USER}:${MYSQL_GROUP} ${MYSQL_LOG_ERR}

EXEC_CMD="\${MYSQL_HOME}/bin/mysqld_safe \\

--defaults-file=\${MYSQL_HOME}/conf/my.cnf \\

--basedir=\${MYSQL_HOME} \\

--datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} \\

--plugin-dir=${MYSQL_PLUGIN_DIR} \\

--user=${MYSQL_USER} \\

--log-error=${MYSQL_LOG_ERR} \\

--log_bin=${MYSQL_LOG_BIN} \\

--pid-file=${MYSQL_PID_FILE} \\

--socket=${MYSQL_SOCKET} \\

--open-files-limit=102400"

#--skip-grant-tables

nohup \$EXEC_CMD > \${MYSQL_HOME}/log/mysqld.out 2>&1 < /dev/null &

echo -n "MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION} Server starting ..."

while true

PIDS=\$(getPids)

if [ "\$PIDS" == "" ]; then

echo -n ".";

sleep 0.8;

else

/bin/echo \$PIDS >"${MYSQL_PID_FILE}"

break;

done

echo -e "\nStarted on "\$PIDS

else

echo "MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION} Server is running "\$PIDS

}

# Stop function.

function stop(){

PIDS=\$(getPids) # Get current process code.

if [ -z "\$PIDS" ]; then

echo "No mysqld running!"

else

echo -n "mysqld stopping by \$PIDS ..."

kill -s TERM \$PIDS

while true

PIDS=\$(getPids)

if [ "\$PIDS" == "" ]; then

/bin/rm -rf ${MYSQL_PID_FILE}

break;

else

echo -n ".";

sleep 0.8;

done

echo -e "\nStop Mysqld successfully."

}

# Status function.

function status(){

ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep | grep -i ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}

}

# Got pids.

function getPids(){

PIDS=\$(ps ax | grep mysqld | grep -i ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR} | grep -v grep | awk '{print \$1}')

echo \$PIDS # Output execution result value.

return 0 # Return the execution result code.

}

# Executive operations.

case \$COMMAND in

status)

status

;;

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

echo $"Usage:{start|stop|restart|status}"

exit 2

esac

EOF

# # Configure init.d service & startup.

chmod 755 $SERVICE_D_FILE && ${SERVICE_D_FILE} start

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Started $(getMysqldPids) on ${SERVICE_D_FILE}"

}

# Install manager service. (total)

# @author wanglsir<wangl@gmail.com, 983708408@qq.com>

function doInstallServiceAndStartup() {

if [ -f "/bin/systemctl" ]; then # Check sytemctl support?

doInstallSystemdService

else # Using init.d service.

doInstallInitdService

}

# Main green install.

preInitInstall

doInitConfiguration

doInitDBMetaData

doInstallServiceAndStartup

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] MySQL ${MYSQL_VERSION} server system service installed successfully! \

please using '${SERVICE_D_FILE}' to management it.\n"

```

送佛送到西, 同时也把我自动卸载的脚本分享出来把*(^_^*):

```

vim script/mysqld-uninstall.sh

```

然后粘上卸载脚本内容, 使用root运行:

```

#!/bin/bash

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# ad. https://github.com/wl4g/super-devops or https://gitee.com/wl4g/super-devops

# @see https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/741365

# @see https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6437e914584

# @see https://wang4ever.lofter.com/post/1cca927e_1c752cc99

# Version v2.0

set -e

if [ "$USER" != "root" ]; then

echo "Use the root user to execution this script!"

exit 2

MYSQL_BASE_DIR="$(cd "`dirname "$0"`"/..; pwd)"

cd $MYSQL_BASE_DIR

# Stopping of mysqld system service.

PIDS=`/bin/echo $(ps -ef|grep ${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/bin/mysqld|grep -v grep|cut -c 9-15)`

if [ -n "$PIDS" ]; then

while true

read -t 10 -p "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] MySQL Server on '${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/bin/mysqld' is running, \

pids: '${PIDS}', [Danger]you must stop it first? (y|yes|n|no)" cover

if [ -n "$(echo $cover|egrep -i 'Y|YES')" ]; then # Ignore case

break;

elif [ -n "$(echo $cover|egrep -i 'N|NO')" ]; then

exit 0;

else

echo "Please reenter it!"

done

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Stopping MySQL Server on ${PIDS} ..."

if [[ -f /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service || -f /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service ]]; then

systemctl stop mysqld.service

elif [ -f /etc/init.d/mysqld.service ]; then

/etc/init.d/mysqld.service stop

# Disable mysqld systemctl service.(if necessary)

if [ -f /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service ]; then

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall MySQL System Service ..."

sudo /bin/sh -c "exec systemctl disable mysqld"

# Remove mysqld system service.

if [ -f /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service ]; then # e.g: Ubuntu16.x+

/bin/echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall Mysqld service of '/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service' ..."

/bin/rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

elif [ -f /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service ]; then # e.g: CenOS7.x, Ubuntu16.x

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall Mysqld service of '/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service' ..."

/bin/rm -rf /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

elif [ -f /etc/init.d/mysqld.service ]; then # CentOS6.x-

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall Mysqld service of '/etc/init.d/mysqld.service' ..."

/bin/rm -rf /etc/init.d/mysqld.service

# Generic

if [ -f /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service ]; then

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall Mysqld service of '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service' ..."

/bin/rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service

# Cleanup server data files.

if [ -d "data/" ]; then

while true

read -t 10 -p "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [WARN] Do you need to remove the data directory on '${MYSQL_BASE_DIR}/data' \

to uninstall MySQL completely? It cannot be recovered after deletion. [Danger] Do you want to confirm deletion? (y|yes|n|no)" cover

if [ -n "$(echo $cover|egrep -i 'Y|YES')" ]; then # Ignore case

break;

elif [ -n "$(echo $cover|egrep -i 'N|NO')" ]; then

exit 0;

else

echo "Please reenter it!"

done

/bin/echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] Force cleanup MySQL Server Data dir files ..."

`/bin/rm -rf data/ conf/ run/ log/`

# Fulsh systemd dbus. (if necessary)

if [ -f /bin/systemctl ]; then

systemctl daemon-reload

echo -e "=> $(date +'%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S') [INFO] UnInstall successfully!"

```

=======================================================================

=============若上面执行ok了, 本文后续的详细步骤也就可忽略了! ================

=======================================================================

1.创建组及用户：

此步可以跳过，但是为了方便管理mysql，也为了用在正式的生产环境中，且处于安全考虑，这里为mysql单独建立了一个组及用户：

```

groupadd mysqlgroup //新建一个mysqlgroup组

useradd -g mysqlgroup mysqluser //创建一个名叫mysqluser的用户，将其归为mysqlgroup组

```

2.安装MySQL 5.7.17：

直接将下载的MySQL 5.7.17解压即可。

```

tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

```

由于解压后的名字很长（mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64），我们将它重命名为mysql，并将其移动到/usr/local 目录

```

mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

```

更改mysql目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属组合用户

```

chown -R mysqluser:mysqlgroup mysql //将mysql目录的所属权更改为mysqlgroup下的mysqluser用户

chmod -R 777 mysql //赋予mysql目录读写权限

```

3.创建日志目录

```

mkdir /var/log/mysql

cd /var/log/mysql/

touch mysql.log

chmod -R 775 mysql.log

chown -R mysqluser:mysqlgroup mysql.log

```

4.初始化MySQL

```

cd /usr/local/mysql

./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysqluser --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

```

第一次初始化时，最后会显示这样的字样“A temporary password is generated for….”，显示root的临时密码。

5.启动数据库

```

./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysqluser

```

6.1 【方案一】将mysqld服务加入开机自启动项

将{mysql}/ support-files/mysql.server 拷贝为/etc/init.d/mysql并设置运行权限，这样就可以使用service mysql命令启动/停止服务，

否则就只能使用{mysql}/bin/mysqld_safe &命令来启动服务

还需要把mysql.server中basedir的相关路径，改为自定义的路径，默认路径是/usr/local/mysql

```

[root@dbserver support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@dbserver support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

-- 把mysql注册为开机启动的服务

[root@dbserver support-files]# chkconfig --add mysql

-- 查看是否添加成功

[root@dbserver support-files]# chkconfig --list mysql

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native

systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native

systemd configuration.

If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

To see services enabled on particular target use

'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

```

6.2 【方案二】加入systemctl管理体系

以Ubuntu19为例：

```

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

```

service内容：

```

# MySQL5.7 systemd service.

[Unit]

Description=MySQL 5.7 Server

After=network.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

Type=fork

User=mysql

Group=mysql

PIDFile=/run/mysql57.pid

PermissionsStartOnly=true

ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "exec /home/yourname/文档/software_install/mysql-5.7/bin/mysqld_safe"

ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID

# Will it cause 'Restart=on-abnormal' to be invalid?

#ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID

#StandardOutput=null

StandardError=journal

LimitNOFILE=1048576

LimitNPROC=1048576

LimitCORE=infinity

TimeoutStartSec=5

TimeoutSec=600

Restart=on-failure

RuntimeDirectoryMode=755

```

执行使用：

```

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl start mysql

sudo systemctl status mysql 或 ps -ef|grep mysql

sudo systemctl enable mysql # 加入开机自启

```

注： centos7路径是： vim /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

7.启动服务

```

[root@dbserver bin]# service mysql start

```

8. 登录mysql

```

[root@dbserver bin]# ./mysql -u root -p 密码

```

9. 设置密码

```

set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456'); // Mysql5.7更改root密码的sql语句，123456是新的root密码（别忘了结尾的;号）

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456'; // Mysql8.0默认密码插件的名称已改为 mysql_native_password

```

10. 设置远程登录权限

```

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root' @'%' identified by 'root';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

```

（第一个root表示用户名，%表示所有的电脑都可以连接，也可以设置某个ip地址运行连接，第二个root表示密码）。

11. 开启防火墙端口 3306

```

# 3306端口放行

/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

# 将该设置添加到防火墙的规则中

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

```

生产环境建议修改默认端口，vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

12. 验证启动参数

如：验证bin log是否已成功开启

![11.jpg](https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/12858151-6552024f6d24e381.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

13, 解决Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’错误

mysql -u root -p -S /usr/local/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/run/mysqld-wl4g_mysql.sock

Linux mysql 数据库系统运维

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